Brown and black gems8/9/2023 ![]() The deposit extends throughout North York Moors National Park. Whitby Jet is the fossilized wood from species similar to the extant Chilean pine ( Araucaria araucana). This jet deposit was formed approximately 181 million years ago, during the Toarcian age of the Early Jurassic epoch. The jet found at Whitby, in England, is the "Jet Rock" unit of the Mulgrave Shale Member, which is part of the Whitby Mudstone Formation. Jet is very easy to carve, but it is difficult to create fine details without breaking so it takes an experienced lapidarist to execute more elaborate carvings. Jet may induce an electric charge like that of amber when rubbed. The touch of a red-hot needle should cause jet to emit an odour similar to coal. The refractive index of jet is approximately 1.66. Jet has a Mohs hardness ranging between 2.5 and 4 and a specific gravity of 1.30 to 1.34. Other elements are found at trace level and the exact ratios varying with the source for example, Spanish jet contains more sulfur than Whitby jet. Jet is around 75% carbon and 12% oxygen with sulfur and hydrogen making up most of the balance. Despite the name they both occupy the same area of the Mohs scale with the difference being that soft jet is more likely to crack when exposed to changes in temperature. Hard jet is the result of carbon compression and salt water soft jet may be the result of carbon compression and fresh water. Jet is found in two forms, hard and soft. Jet is a product of decomposition of wood from millions of years ago, commonly the wood of trees of the family Araucariaceae. The adjective " jet-black", meaning as dark a black as possible, derives from this material. ![]() Jet is either black or dark brown, but may contain pyrite inclusions which are of brassy colour and metallic lustre. The English noun jet derives from the French word for the same material, jaiet (modern French jais), ultimately referring to the ancient town of Gagae. It is derived from wood that has changed under extreme pressure. Unlike many gemstones, jet is not a mineral, but is rather a mineraloid. Jet is a type of lignite, the lowest rank of coal, and is a gemstone. ![]()
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